MIMO-OFDM for LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX

Contents

Published by Blackwell Publishing

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First published 2008

1 2008

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Freeman, Jenny.

How to display data / Jenny Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell.

p. ; cm.

ISBN 978-1-4051-3974-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Medical writing. 2. Medical statistics. 3. Medicine–Research–Statistical methods. I. Walters, Stephen John. II. Campbell, Michael J., PhD. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Research Design. 2. Data Display. 3. Data Interpretation, Statistical. 4. Statistics. W 20.5 F869h 2007]

R119.F76 2007

610.72′7–dc22

2007032641

ISBN: 978-1-4051-3974-8

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library

Set by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India

Printed and bound in Singapore by Utopia Press Pte Ltd

Commissioning Editor: Mary Banks

Editorial Assistant: Victoria Pittman

Development Editor: Simone Dudziak

Production Controller: Rachel Edwards

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Preface

The best method to convey a message from a piece of research in health is via a figure. The best advice that a statistician can give a researcher is to first plot the data. Despite this, conventional statistics textbooks give only brief details on how to draw figures and display data. The purpose of this book is to give advice on the best methods to display data which have arisen from a variety of different sources. We have tried to make the book concise and easy to read. By displaying data badly one can very easily give misleading messages (or hide inconvenient truths) and we try to highlight how consumers of data have to be aware of these problems. We have also included advice on displaying data for posters and talks.

Researchers who want to display the results of their studies in figures or tables particularly for publication in a journal will find this book useful. Readers of the research literature, who wish to critically appraise a piece of work will find useful tips on interpreting figures that they encounter. People who have to deliver a talk or a conference presentation should also find good advice on displaying their results.

We would like to thank Mary Banks and Simone Dudziak from Blackwell for their patience and advice.

Jenny V. Freeman

Stephen J. Walters

Michael J. Campbell

Medical Statistics Group, ScHARR, Sheffield

June 2007