Table of Contents

  1. Cover
  2. Series
  3. Title
  4. The Author
  5. Copyright
  6. Dedication
  7. Preface
  8. 1 Introduction and Review of Electronic Technology
    1. 1.1 Introduction: Functions of Electronic Technology
    2. References
  9. 2 From Electronics to Nanoelectronics: Particles, Waves, and Schrödinger’s Equation
    1. 2.1 Transition from Diffusive Motion of Electron Fluid to Quantum Behavior of Single Electrons
    2. 2.2 Particle (Quantum) Nature of Matter: Photons, Electrons, Atoms, and Molecules
    3. 2.3 Particle–Wave Nature of Light and Matter, De Broglie Formulas λ = h/p, E = hv
    4. 2.4 Maxwell’s Equations
    5. 2.5 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
    6. 2.6 Schrödinger Equation, Quantum States and Energies, Barrier Tunneling
    7. 2.7 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator
    8. 2.8 Fermions, Bosons, and Occupation Rules
    9. 2.9 A Bose Particle System: Thermal Radiation in Equilibrium
    10. References
  10. 3 Quantum Description of Atoms and Molecules
    1. 3.1 Schrödinger Equation in Spherical Polar Coordinates
    2. 3.2 Indistinguishable Particles and Their Exchange Symmetry
    3. 3.3 Molecules
    4. References
  11. 4 Metals, Semiconductors, and Junction Devices
    1. 4.1 Metals
    2. 4.2 Energy Bands in Periodic Structures
    3. 4.3 pn Junctions, Diode I–V Characteristic, Photodetector, and Injection Laser
    4. 4.4 Semiconductor Surface: Schottky Barrier
    5. 4.5 Ferromagnets
    6. 4.6 Piezoelectrics, Pyroelectrics, and Superconductors
    7. References
  12. 5 Some Newer Building Blocks for Nanoelectronic Devices
    1. 5.1 The Benzene Ring, a Conceptual Basis
    2. 5.2 The Graphene sheet, a Second Conceptual Basis
    3. 5.3 Carbon Nanotubes and Related Materials
    4. 5.4 Gold, Si, and CdS Nanowires and a Related Device
    5. 5.5 “Endohedral” C60 Buckyballs ~0.5 nm and Related Fullerene Molecules
    6. 5.6 Quantum Dots
    7. 5.7 Quantum Wells and the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Metal (2DEG)
    8. 5.8 Photonic Crystals
    9. 5.9 Organic Molecules and Conductive Polymers
    10. References
  13. 6 Fabrication and Characterization Methods
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Surface Structuring
    3. 6.3 Specialized Vapor Deposition Processes
    4. 6.4 Silicon Technology: The INTEL–IBM Approach to Nanotechnology
    5. 6.5 Advanced Patterning and Photolithography
    6. 6.6 Use of DNA Strands in Guiding Self-Assembly of Nanometer-Size Structures
    7. 6.7 Scanning Probe Sensing and Fabrication Methods
    8. References
  14. 7 The Field Effect Transistor: Size Limits
    1. 7.1 Metal–Oxide–Silicon Field-Effect Transistor
    2. 7.2 Small Size Limits for the MOSFET
    3. 7.3 Present Status of MOSFET Fabrication and Performance
    4. 7.4 Alternative to Bulk Silicon: Buried Oxide BOX
    5. 7.5 Alternative to Bulk Silicon: Strain Engineering
    6. 7.6 The Benzene Molecule as a Field Effect Transistor
    7. References
  15. 8 Devices Based upon Electron Tunneling: Resonant Tunnel Diodes
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Physical Basis of Tunneling Devices
    3. 8.3 Resonant Tunneling Diodes and Hot Electron Transistors
    4. 8.4 Superconducting (RSFQ) Logic/Memory Computer Elements
    5. 8.5 Epitaxial MgO-Barrier Tunnel Junctions: Magnetic Field Sensors
    6. References
  16. 9 Single-Electron Transistors, Molecular and Hybrid Electronics
    1. 9.1 Introduction to Coulomb and Molecular Devices
    2. 9.2 Single-Electron (Coulomb) Transistor SET
    3. 9.3 Single Molecules as Active Elements in Electronic Circuits
    4. 9.4 Hybrid Nanoelectronics Combining Si CMOS and Molecular Electronics: CMOL
    5. 9.5 Carbon Nanotube Crossbar Arrays for Ultradense, Ultrafast, Nonvolatile Random Access Memory
    6. 9.6 Carbon Nanotube-Based Electromechanical Switch Arrays for Nonvolatile Random Access Memory
    7. 9.7 Proposed 16-bit Parallel Processing in a Molecular Assembly
    8. References
  17. 10 Devices Based on Electron Spin and Ferromagnetism for Storage and Logic
    1. 10.1 Hard and Soft Ferromagnets
    2. 10.2 The Origins of Giant Magnetoresistance
    3. 10.3 Magnetic Random Access Memory
    4. 10.4 Hybrid Ferromagnet–Semiconductor Nonvolatile Hall Effect Gate Devices
    5. 10.5 Spin Injection: The Johnson–Silsbee Effect
    6. 10.6 Imaging a Single Electron Spin by a Magnetic Resonance AFM
    7. 10.7 Magnetic Logic Devices: A Majority Universal Logic Gate
    8. 10.8 Magnetic Domain Wall Racetrack Memory
    9. References
  18. 11 Qubits Versus Binary Bits in a Quantum Computer
    1. 11.1 Introduction
    2. 11.2 Electron and Nuclear Spins and Their Interaction
    3. 11.3 A Spin-Based Quantum Computer Using STM
    4. 11.4 Double-Well Potential Charge Qubits
    5. 11.5 Ion Trap on a GaAs Chip, Pointing to a New Qubit
    6. 11.6 Adiabatic Quantum Computation
    7. References
  19. 12 Applications of Nanoelectronic Technology to Energy Issues
    1. 12.1 Introduction
    2. 12.2 Solar Energy and Its Conversion
    3. 12.3 Hydrogen Production (Solar) for Energy Transport
    4. 12.4 Storage and Transport of Hydrogen as a Potential Fuel
    5. 12.5 Surface Adsorption as a Method of Storing Hydrogen in High Density
    6. References
  20. 13 Future of Nanoelectronic Technology
    1. 13.1 Silicon Devices
    2. 13.2 Solar Energy Conversion with Printed Solar Cells
    3. 13.3 Emergence of Nanoimprinting Methods
    4. 13.4 Self-Assembly of Nanostructured Electrodes
    5. 13.5 Emerging Methods in Nanoelectronic Technology
    6. References
  21. Exercises
  22. Abbreviations
  23. Some Useful Constants
  24. Index
  25. Wiley End User License Agreement

List of Tables

  1. 3 Quantum Description of Atoms and Molecules
    1. Table 3.1 One-electron wavefunctions in real form.
  2. 4 Metals, Semiconductors, and Junction Devices
    1. Table 4.1 Fermi energy EF, Fermi temperature TF, and free electron density n = N/V for metals.
    2. Table 4.2 Energy gaps and other electronic parameters of important semiconductors.
    3. Table 4.3 Properties of some common ferromagnets.
  3. 10 Devices Based on Electron Spin and Ferromagnetism for Storage and Logic
    1. Table 10.1 Summary of logic states in the majority gate [13] for all input combinations (truth table).