reading

Cover
Title Page
Related Titles
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Glossary of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1. 1.1 Nanometers, Micrometers, and Millimeters
2. 1.2 Moore's Law
3. 1.3 Esaki's Quantum Tunneling Diode
4. 1.4 QDs of Many Colors
5. 1.5 GMR and TMR 100–1000 Gb Hard Drive “Read Heads”
6. 1.6 Accelerometers in Your Car
7. 1.7 Nanopore Filters
8. 1.8 Nanoscale Elements in Traditional Technologies
9. References
Chapter 2: Systematics of Making Things Smaller, Pre-quantum
1. 2.1 Mechanical Frequencies Increase in Small Systems
2. 2.2 Scaling Relations Illustrated by a Simple Harmonic Oscillator
3. 2.3 Scaling Relations Illustrated by Simple Circuit Elements
4. 2.4 Thermal Time Constants and Temperature Differences Decrease
5. 2.5 Viscous Forces Become Dominant for Small Particles in Fluid Media
6. 2.6 Frictional Forces Can Disappear in Symmetric Molecular Scale Systems
7. References
Chapter 3: What Are Limits to Smallness?
1. 3.1 Particle (Quantum) Nature of Matter: Photons, Electrons, Atoms, and Molecules
2. 3.2 Biological Examples of Nanomotors and Nanodevices
3. 3.3 How Small Can You Make it?
4. References
Chapter 4: Quantum Nature of the Nanoworld
1. 4.1 Bohr's Model of Nuclear Atom
2. 4.2 Particle–Wave Nature of Light and Matter, DeBroglie Formulas λ = h/p, E = hν
3. 4.3 Wavefunction Ψ for Electron, Probability Density Ψ*Ψ, Traveling and Standing Waves
4. 4.4 Maxwell's Equations; E and B as Wavefunctions for Photons, Optical Fiber Modes
5. 4.5 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
6. 4.6 Schrodinger Equation, Quantum States and Energies, Barrier Tunneling
7. 4.7 The Hydrogen Atom, One-Electron Atoms, Excitons
8. 4.8 Fermions, Bosons, and Occupation Rules
9. References
Chapter 5: Quantum Consequences for the Macroworld
1. 5.1 Chemical Table of the Elements
2. 5.2 Nanosymmetry, Diatoms, and Ferromagnets
3. 5.3 More Purely Nanophysical Forces: van der Waals, Casimir, and Hydrogen Bonding
4. 5.4 Metals as Boxes of Free Electrons: Fermi Level, DOS, Dimensionality
5. 5.5 Periodic Structures (e.g., Si, GaAs, InSb, Cu): Kronig–Penney Model for Electron Bands and Gaps
6. 5.6 Electron Bands and Conduction in Semiconductors and Insulators; Localization versus Delocalization
7. 5.7 Hydrogenic Donors and Acceptors
8. 5.8 More about Ferromagnetism, the Nanophysical Basis of Disk Memory
9. 5.9 Surfaces are Different; Schottky Barrier Thickness W = [2εε_o V_B/eN_D]^1/2
10. 5.10 Ferroelectrics, Piezoelectrics, and Pyroelectrics: Recent Applications to Advancing Nanotechnology
11. References
Chapter 6: Self-Assembled Nanostructures in Nature and Industry
1. 6.1 Carbon Atom 1s² 2p⁴ (0.07 nm)
2. 6.2 Methane (CH₄), Ethane (C₂H₆), and Octane (C₈H₁₈)
3. 6.3 Ethylene (C₂H₄), Benzene (C₆H₆), and Acetylene (C₂H₂)
4. 6.4 C₆₀ Buckyball (∼0.5 nm)
5. 6.5 C_∞ Nanotube (∼0.5 nm)
6. 6.6 InAs Quantum Dot (∼5 nm)
7. 6.7 AgBr Nanocrystal (0.1–2 µm)
8. 6.8 Fe₃O₄ Magnetite and Fe₃S₄ Greigite Nanoparticles in Magnetotactic Bacteria
9. 6.9 Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au and Other Smooth Surfaces
10. References
Chapter 7: Physics-Based Experimental Approaches to Nanofabrication and Nanotechnology
1. 7.1 Silicon Technology: The INTEL-IBM Approach to Nanotechnology
2. 7.2 Lateral Resolution (Linewidths) Limited by Wavelength of Light, Now 65 nm
3. 7.3 Sacrificial Layers, Suspended Bridges, Single-Electron Transistors
4. 7.4 What Is the Future of Silicon Computer Technology?
5. 7.5 Heat Dissipation and the RSFQ Technology
6. 7.6 Scanning Probe (Machine) Methods: One Atom at a Time
7. 7.7 STM as Prototype Molecular Assembler
8. 7.8 Atomic Force Microscope Arrays
9. 7.9 Fundamental Questions: Rates, Accuracy, and More
10. 7.10 Nanophotonics and Nanoplasmonics
11. References
Chapter 8: Quantum Technologies Based on Magnetism, Electron and Nuclear Spin, and Superconductivity
1. 8.1 Spin as an Element of “Quantum Computing”
2. 8.2 The Stern–Gerlach Experiment: Observation of Spin-½ Angular Momentum of the Electron
3. 8.3 Two Nuclear Spin Effects: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and the “21.1 cm Line”
4. 8.4 Electron Spin ½ as a Qubit for a Quantum Computer: Quantum Superposition, Coherence
5. 8.5 Hard and Soft Ferromagnets
6. 8.6 The Origins of GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance): Spin-Dependent Scattering of Electrons
7. 8.7 The GMR Spin Valve, a Nanophysical Magnetoresistance Sensor
8. 8.8 The Tunnel Valve, a Better (TMR) Nanophysical Magnetic Field Sensor
9. 8.9 Magnetic Random Access Memory
10. 8.10 Spin Injection: The Johnson–Silsbee Effect
11. 8.11 Magnetic Logic Devices: A Majority Universal Logic Gate
12. 8.12 Superconductors and the Superconducting (Magnetic) Flux Quantum
13. 8.13 Josephson Effect and the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)
14. 8.14 Superconducting (RSFQ) Logic/Memory Computer Elements
15. References
Chapter 9: Silicon Nanoelectronics and Beyond
1. 9.1 Electron Interference Devices with Coherent Electrons
2. 9.2 Carbon Nanotube Sensors and Dense Nonvolatile Random Access Memories
3. 9.3 Resonant Tunneling Diodes, Tunneling Hot Electron Transistors
4. 9.4 Double-Well Potential Charge Qubits
5. 9.5 Single Electron Transistors
6. 9.6 Experimental Approaches to the Double-Well Charge Qubit
7. 9.7 Ion Trap on a GaAs Chip, Pointing to a New Qubit
8. 9.8 Quantum Computing by Quantum Annealing with Artificial Spins
9. References
Chapter 10: Nanophysics and Nanotechnology of Graphene
1. 10.1 Graphene: Record-Breaking Physical and Electrical Properties
2. 10.2 Consequences of One-Atom Thickness: Softness and Adherence
3. 10.3 Impermeability of Single-Layer Graphene
4. 10.4 Synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Direct Reaction
5. 10.5 Application to Flexible, Conducting, and Transparent Electrodes
6. 10.6 Potential Application to Computer Logic Devices, Extending Moore's Law
7. 10.7 Applications of Graphene within Silicon Technology
8. References
Chapter 11: Looking into the Future
1. 11.1 Drexler's Mechanical (Molecular) Axle and Bearing
2. 11.2 The Concept of the Molecular Assembler is Flawed
3. 11.3 Could Molecular Machines Revolutionize Technology or Even Self-Replicate to Threaten Terrestrial Life?
4. 11.4 The Prospect of Radical Abundance by a Breakthrough in Nanoengineering
5. 11.5 What about Genetic Engineering and Robotics?
6. 11.6 Possible Social and Ethical Implications of Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
7. 11.7 Is there a Posthuman Future as Envisioned by Fukuyama?
8. References
Some Useful Constants
Exercises
Index
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