Looking Backward (Annotated)

Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward (1888) is a landmark utopian novel that imagines a Bostonian, Julian West, awakening in the year 2000 to discover a rationally ordered, cooperative commonwealth. Blending romance, social criticism, and speculative fiction, Bellamy replaces industrial capitalism's disorder with a vision of nationalized production, equitable distribution, and civic solidarity. Its l...